Matrix analysis

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-6ZJY1SSSJA98WBWX · v1

Optimal stability and all equality cases at balanced inertia (5,5)

Lluis Eriksson

We determine the optimal forward stability coefficient 113/152 for inverse Hilbert-Schmidt self-commutator cost at balanced inertia (5,5), uniformly for every fixed number of ambient zero eigenvalues. The inherited finite vertex reduction gives 267 ordered spectral pairs. Rational Horn primal-dual certificates establish the bound; an ambient-independent obstruction and boundary family prove sharpness. We classify all four equality pairs on the compact spectral closure and show strictness for exact inertia. The verifier checks 51,282,604 integer Horn conditions, with a separate LR-tableau reconstruction. Balanced multiplicities at least six and general interior costs remain open; polynomial vertex counts do not assert polynomial total running time.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-54Q3HMFJ0Z8CZB4T · v1

Polynomial vertex reduction and optimal stability at balanced inertia (4,4)

Lluis Eriksson

For every balanced sign multiplicity N and fixed ambient dimension, we reduce the optimal forward stability coefficient for inverse self-commutator cost to a rational list of O(N^5) spectral pairs. This counts Horn linear programs, not their size or total running time. At inertia (4,4), exact rational certificates for 89 ordered vertices establish the optimal coefficient 4/7 in every fixed ambient dimension at least eight. An ambient-independent Horn obstruction and a boundary perturbation prove sharpness. We classify the full equality set on the compact spectral closure and show strictness throughout the exact inertia stratum. Together with the previously sharp reverse coefficient 3/2, this completes both stability constants at multiplicity four. Constants for N at least five remain unevaluated. All finite certificates and replay programs are supplied; classical Horn sufficiency and written polyhedral arguments are explicit dependencies.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-24M24KDPZK8HDBQ9 · v1

Sharp inertia ceilings and optimal stability for inverse self-commutators

Lluis Eriksson

We determine the sharp worst inverse self-commutator cost for every prescribed inertia, including arbitrary ambient zeros, and quantify its extremal geometry. For unequal sign multiplicities we obtain both optimal constants relating the normalized cost deficit to distance from the one-spike, opposite-flat boundary. The reverse coefficient is also optimal for every balanced inertia. For three positive and three negative eigenvalues we close the other direction as well: the optimal forward coefficient is 17/36. Its proof reduces a piecewise-affine distance to 22 rational vertices and supplies exact Horn witnesses; a boundary spectrum gives ambient-independent sharpness. Thus every nearly extremal sequence is classified. A transportation refinement gives computable primal-dual upper certificates, while an exact example shows a 12.5% gap from the actual matrix cost. A sharp deficit threshold also reduces rank-ceiling stability to the known one-spike case. Classical Horn sufficiency is imported; all finite certificates are supplied for replay. The optimal balanced forward coefficient for multiplicity at least four and the general interior cost remain open here.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-12W84G9BVC8BQAEQ · v1

Exact Rank Transitions through p=32 and a Half-Integral Optimum at p=53

Lluis Eriksson

For F_(p,q)=diag(q repeated p times, -p repeated q times), this paper studies the least rank among factors minimizing one half of the squared Hilbert--Schmidt norm subject to CC^*-C^*C=2F. On q=2p+1, exact rational hive primal-dual certificates determine the complete finite cost-and-rank frontier for 4<=p<=32: the rank excess above q is 0 on p=4..7, 1 on p=8..14, 2 on p=15..26, 3 at p=27, and 4 on p=28..32. The resulting consecutive rank transitions at p=27 and p=28 are followed by a distinct cost-slope transition at p=29. Separately, exact certificates prove kappa(F_(53,107))=8847 with minimum attaining rank 115; its optimum is half-integral, while an earlier integer candidate of trace 8843 is refuted by an integral Farkas certificate. The conclusions are finite and conditional on the classical Horn--Klyachko/hive theorem; no all-parameter recurrence, classification of all minimizers, exhaustive priority result, proof-assistant formalization, or independent peer review is claimed.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-5QQF95VHTC9GABH8 · v1

Sharp Onset and Unbounded Growth of Norm-Optimal Self-Commutator Rank

Lluis Eriksson

For a traceless Hermitian target F, this paper studies the least rank r_*(F) among factors C minimizing one half of the squared Hilbert--Schmidt norm subject to CC^*-C^*C=2F. It proves r_*(F)=max(n_+(F),n_-(F)) for every target through dimension seven, including singular spectra, and proves sharp failure in dimension eight on an explicit two-ray cone whose interior has r_*=5>4. An exact dimension-nine seed and a symbolic hive coarse-graining theorem yield targets G_t in dimension 27t with kappa(G_t)=87t and 17t+1<=r_*(G_t)<=18t, so the additive excess above inertia is unbounded. The proof is computer-assisted through exact rational Horn/polyhedral and hive certificates with independent replay routes. It does not determine the exact amplified rank, classify all optimizers, formally verify the imported Horn/hive theorem, or claim exhaustive priority.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-7NPRNBW4488HG90K · v1

One-Spike Inverse Self-Commutators and Exact Three-versus-Four-Kick Curvature Synthesis

Lluis Eriksson

For a traceless Hermitian matrix F, this paper minimizes the product of the unnormalized Hilbert--Schmidt norms of Hermitian H and K satisfying -i[H,K]=F. On the complete one-spike spectral cone with nonzero spectrum (P,-b_1,...,-b_n), it proves the exact formula kappa_d(F)=sum_j j b_j, fixes the nonzero singular spectrum and rank of every balanced optimum, derives sharp trace-distance stability and strict Schur concavity, and remains invariant under ambient zero padding. For every finite-dimensional traceless Hermitian target, it also proves exact balanced-loop laws A_3(F)=12 sqrt(3) kappa_d(F) and A_4(F)=16 kappa_d(F), giving a universal 23.02 percent fourth-kick reduction. The work does not give a closed formula when both sign multiplicities exceed one, classify all optimizing matrices, or claim exhaustive bibliographic priority.

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Research paperAcceptedARR-2026-1D2QV1RP1292JREW · v1

Sharp Rank-Adaptive Bounds for Inverse Self-Commutators

Lluis Eriksson

For a nonzero traceless Hermitian matrix F, this paper studies the least product of unnormalized Hilbert--Schmidt norms of Hermitian H and K satisfying -i[H,K]=F. Writing rho=rank(F) and P(F)=||F||_1/2, it proves the sharp dimension-free bounds P(F)<=kappa_d(F)<=rho P(F)/2. Both equality loci are classified: the lower endpoint is attained exactly by centrally paired nonzero spectra, while the upper endpoint is attained exactly, up to positive scale and sign, by the one-spike spectrum (rho-1,-1,...,-1), with arbitrary zero padding. An exact sign-cut leakage identity identifies the full tax above the trace-norm floor. The upper bound uses an exact weighted-shift permutation average, and rho-1 explicit Horn--Littlewood--Richardson inequalities certify upper-endpoint sharpness. The work does not claim a closed formula for general interior spectra or an upper-endpoint stability modulus.

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Research paperCorrectedARR-2026-53CTRKDSP685PT51 · v5

The Schwarzian Bridge in a Single Sigmoid Neuron: Oracle Gram Resolution, Joint Spectral Lexicography, and Spherical Saturation Phases

Lluis Eriksson

A sigmoid neuron induces two distinct spectral geometries: a population radial-tangential anisotropy controlled locally by the Schwarzian derivative, and an empirical extreme-saturation hierarchy controlled by samples nearest the transition hyperplane. For logistic powers h_p=sigma'^p, p>0, we prove exact saturation constants, sharp pointwise bilateral oracle-Gram complexity, and regularly varying spherical radius phases. We then make the empirical hierarchy quantitative. A deterministic exterior-power theorem resolves every leading eigenspace; an exact inverse-Gaussian angle law and a finite hierarchy perturbation lemma yield an explicit joint finite-radius, finite-sample guarantee for the bottom eigenspace and teacher direction. Finally, a two-dimensional tangent Gaussian process proves that uniform control over a full angular shell intrinsically incurs a square-root log-radius factor in the iterated high-probability limit. Deterministic replays, hostile proof, novelty, and reproducibility audits, and exact source provenance accompany the paper.

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