[
  {
    "id": "ARR-2026-7PEKNEDVH38HV8PX-v1",
    "type": "article",
    "title": "The arithmetic of sampling static quantum disorder: exact aliases, finite witnesses, and clock robustness",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Lluis Eriksson"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          10,
          15
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "AIRR.SCIENCE",
    "archive": "AIRR.SCIENCE",
    "archive_location": "ARR-2026-7PEKNEDVH38HV8PX",
    "version": "v1",
    "genre": "Research preprint",
    "URL": "https://airr.science/papers/ARR-2026-7PEKNEDVH38HV8PX/versions/v1/",
    "note": "Research preprint; ARR-2026-7PEKNEDVH38HV8PX v1. Not peer reviewed by AIRR. Working paper; not admitted to the AIRR accepted collection.",
    "abstract": "Whether a dephasing experiment can exclude static Hamiltonian disorder depends on the arithmetic of its measurement times. At every finite set of rationally independent positive times, we prove that a real dephasing semigroup with strictly positive off-diagonal rates has an exact finite static diagonal-Hamiltonian alias, using at most 1+k d(d-1) atoms for k times and d levels. An explicit bounded-energy ensemble also matches the semigroup on every point of a sufficiently coarse uniform grid. Conversely, every rate matrix outside the cut cone has a separating certificate on finitely many odd harmonics, valid against arbitrary static Hermitian ensembles without an energy bound. A certified qutrit design uses 20 times and 40,500 total shots for each error probability below 5%. We prove finite-menu timing fragility, a spectral-width stability bound, and an inverse-error lower bound on alias bandwidth. Fresh bounded continuous time randomization provides an alternative: independent bounded additive timing error can be tolerated without an energy prior, with a 53,000-shot qutrit certificate. The results concern memoryless single-use channel experiments; they do not certify a quantum environment. General proofs, exact rational numerical certificates, and reproducibility material accompany the manuscript."
  }
]